Comparative planetology based on material physics
- How planets were formed -
by Shinji Karasawa
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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[CG was provided by Pixta]

　　The formation of the solar system cannot be explained by universal gravitation alone. Cosmic dust particles have an extremely weak gravitational force, and the particles adhere to other particles due to the short-range force at the contact point. The planets grew due to contact with the interstellar medium orbiting the same orbit. The larger the planets, the greater the universal gravitational force, and the closer they get, the greater the attraction of each other, and the greater the impact of the collision. As the planet grows, the energy of the collision increases. Therefore, at the end of the formation of planets, collisions between large celestial bodies occur. When planets in the same orbit collide, the entire center of mass continues to move in orbit without changing, so the fragments of the planets scattered by the collision eventually gather at the center of gravity with a low gravity potential, forming a large planet. Due to the collision of celestial bodies on the same orbit, the orbit does not change significantly. So, the orbit of the planet is almost circular. This "Giant Impact" is the scenario of the final stage of the planet's growth.
　　There are effects of solar wind on the rotational speed of terrestrial planets, Mercury is small in size and close to the Sun, so it is thought that Mercury’s counter clockwise rotation is slowed down due to the clockwise rotational force under the head-on collision of counter clockwise rotational the solar wind emitted by the Sun. On the other hand, the rotation of Venus is in the direction of rotation in a clockwise direction. This phenomenon occurs when the solar wind collides head-on with the thick atmosphere of Venus, and the solar wind, which has a component that rotates counterclockwise due to the rotation of the Sun, hits the planet and gives it a rotational force that rotates clockwise as a whole . This effect can explain the fact that caused the "superrotation of the atmosphere of Venus" and changed the rotation of Venus clockwise. (July 5, 2025)


YouTube:Oxidation of ultrafine iron powders by solid carbon dioxide　　
YouTube:The internal structure of the Earth explained from the viewpoint ofcondensed matter physics　
YouTube:Origins of meteorites　
YouTube:Asteroid belt remains debris of the planet that failed to become the second Sun　
Youtube:The birth of planets those are understood by condensed the matter physics　
[Click on the image to play the video. ]
[to Index] Chap.1 Introduction
Chap.2 Bonding through contact of fine particles　Chap.3 Accumulation of the solar nebula
Chap.4 Formation of planets　Chap.5 Birth of the Sun
Chap.6 Formation of the asteroid belt 　[Conclusion]
[Website of shinji karasawa]　 E-mail:[shinji-karasawa@kbh.biglobe.ne.jp]